Plato and the Development of the Academy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plato and the Development of the Academy - Essay Example This goes on to illustrate his logical reasoning and rational approach towards the underlying focus of all his ideas, that is, ethics (Encyclopedia Britannica 2008). It was his work that enabled Euclid to form his systematic approach to mathematics (JOC/EFR 1999). The Academy of Plato, or the Platonic School, is a major topic to be discussed when discussing Plato and his contributions to the field of philosophy, because it was through this institution that he was able to impart his doctrines and ideas to his students, and it formed an important part of his intellectual life where he devoted many years as its Head. He worth and merit of this institution can be judged from the fact that such thinkers and philosophers like Aristotle, Xenocrates and Eudoxus of Cnidus were members and heads of the Academy. However, there are some issues related to the Academy and its concept as we may have today that need to be discussed first in order to form a better and accurate understanding of its workings and its personality. The place where Plato taught was a park in Athens that was named after a mythical and legendary ancient Greek hero called Academus, or Hecademus, with a wall surrounding it and encompassing a grove of olive trees, and a river flowing nearby to make the dry land fertile (University of St Andrews 2004). Before Plato started teaching there, it was dedicated to gymnastics, sports events, funeral activities and other festivals (University of St Andrews 2004). Around 387 B.C., Plato, who had a house and a garden nearby, began teaching in the park to a group of interested students, and this gathering of intellectuals, teaching and learning, took the name of Academia, or the modern Academy, from the park, and hence, indirectly, from Academus (University of St Andrews 2004). Therefore, it can be seen that the Academy had no connection with a physical place of learning, as the modern concept of the term Academy denotes, nor does it refers to a school of strict and formulated learning where a set curriculum is imparted according to the doctrines of the Head. In fact, the place it self had nothing to do with teaching or learning, as mentioned earlier, but was a place of gymnastics and other athletics. The School, that is the body of scholars who adhered to the Platonic way of thinking, was continued to be called Academy even after it was shifted to Alexandria (The Catholic Encyclopedia 1911). Another aspect that needs to be cleared is that the Academy was not dominated by Plato, even though he was the founder and the Head of the institution, and he did not inject his doctrines into his students like would happen in a modern academy where students adhere to a fixed concept. The

Midterm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Midterm - Assignment Example Researchers may find legal briefs important because they will not only cite important case and statutory law, but can be used to help the researcher analyse a similar research issue. Question 3: The US Code is a chronological organization of all permanent/current laws of the US Congress. The US Code is published every 6 years with each edition reflecting all amendments and supplements to the law currently in effect. Thus each subsequent edition of the US Code will be expected to reflect only the current law or laws currently in effect. For instance, if an Act or provision of an Act was repealed, the next edition of the US Code will reflect the repeal. However, if an Act or provision was amended or supplemented by an additional provision, the new provision or supplementary provision will be reflected in subsequent editions of the US Code. Question 4: Legal professionals and legal scholars might share an interest in the original intentions of the US Constitution as a means of understan ding what the framers’ initially intended the Constitution to mean. By taking this approach, the possibility of conflicting and confusing interpretations is reduced and the US Constitution is understood and applied with greater consistency and predictability. In looking for the original intentions of the framers of the US Constitution, legal professionals and legal scholars will look at the debates between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists at the time before and during ratification. The debates will be found in the Federal Papers. Another important source is the Declaration of Independence. Question 5: Court opinions, statutes, and documents containing arguments of the framers of legislation and constitutions are regarded as primary sources because they are authoritative in nature. In other words, primary sources of law reflect actual statements of the law or the original intention of what the state law will or are intended to be and how it should be interpreted and ap plied. Question 6: Cite-checkers as secondary sources of law are features providing information relative to a specific area of the law. The information typically includes headings and primary sources to which the heading relates. For example a cite-checker for the US Code will identify whether or not the statute is revised. Editorial notes relating to the primary source will also be included and relevant information not included in the primary source. Legal digests differ only in that they will provide indices of legal issues and the case and statutory laws supporting the specific position. Cite-checkers and legal digests are therefore valuable secondary sources of information for researchers because they direct the researcher to primary sources of information. Question 7: Encyclopedias and legal periodicals both provide statements of the law as it is, as it was and as it should be. However, what distinguishes encyclopedias from legal periodicals is content. Encyclopedias are genera l and concise statements of the law. However, legal periodicals are far more comprehensive and provide both theoretical and practical discussions over a period of time. While neither source is authoritative, both can be valuable guides to where a researcher might look for primary and authoritative sources of law. Legal periodicals however, usually reflect opinions and analyses that can have persuasive value even to judges determining a legal dispute. Thus researchers should only use legal

Change and operational and Strategic change

Change and operational and Strategic change Referring to the Mount Marion Care Home (MMCH), it can be considered as a small scale institution which is equipped with just a hundred of beds also with relatively small crew of workers. It is clear that the institution is running at a small budget depending on its limited capabilities. Therefore, according to the team leader who was appointed at that day, the allocation of crew members per one floor was just four in order to take care of twenty users. But the cares has demanded for more crew members for the service by stating that the allocation of me the members may not be adequate for the service. Not only that the carers were not agreed with decision of the team leader which allocation of lesser number of pads for the patients. The carers were not given any support and the guidance from the team leader regarding the caring process of incontinent patients under the limited number of crew members at such an emergency situation. Therefore, there was a mixed up between the carers in relation to their health care process and lead to some few issues such as breaking the hip bone and a severe muscle pull on the customers. By analyzing the situation at the MMCH, it is clear that there should be an operational change along with technological change and the strategic change may be required in the health care process in relation to staff members to act in an appropriate way at such an emergency situation. 1.2 Triggers of change Considering the external business environment in relation to the MMCH it may be more dynamic and complex. Therefore it is required to conduct PESTEL analysis in regular basis. By using PESTEL analysis it may be much easier to identify the most of the significant changes in the business environment. Considering the concepts on human resource management and the outsourcing may also triggers the change. Therefore, those concepts together with PESTEL may enable the management to examine those changes and to revise their previous assumptions. 1.2.1 PESTEL analysis on MMCH The decisions of the management of the MMCH may be influenced by the factors of the macro business environment. Those factors may be trade barriers, changes of tax and tariffs and new implementation of laws and acts. Referring to the political factors in relation to PESTEL analysis, it may consist of governments economic policies, subsidiaries and also the business support priority. Such kind of political decisions may generate impacts on health, the level of education of the work force and the other infra structure facilities such as transport. Since the MMCH is considered as a health related business institution, the education level of the crew and the infra structure facilities like transport may be vital. Interest rates, changes of tariffs and taxes, the inflation and the changes in exchange rate can be considered under the economic factors. According to the economists, the behavior of the business can be influenced by a greater degree by the economic change. For an example, the increased interest rates may discourage the investors. Similarly, the inflation may cause the rise of the demands of workers for more salaries and wage. In contrast, the increased national income may result in the increased demand for the services of the business firms such as MMCH. The demand for the health service of MMCH and the willingness to work of the employees may be influence by the social factors. For an example, if it is an aging population there will be an increased demand for the health services and medicines rather than the other services. Considering the technological factors, it may consist of the products which have been made as a result of the technological development. In relation to the health services the OMR scanning technology and electro cardio gram (ECG) can be considered as examples. The critical thing is that, the technology may have the potential to reduce costs with improved quality of services which can be lead to an innovation. Therefore, with the advancements of the technology MMCH may have the potential to treat their customers with improved service at a lower price. Changes of the weather and climate can be considered under environmental factors. Those factors may have the capability of generating impacts on peoples health. For an example increased global temperature may result in the increased susceptibility to out breaks by insects such as Dengue. Such kind of changes may affect on the pattern of demand and the business opportunities of the health institutions such as MMCH. Legal factors consist of the factors which are related to the legal environment of a business where it operates. For an example, increased minimum wage limit of the workers may affect the current action of the firms. Referring to the firms such as MMCH which is based on health services it is required to develop new systems and procedure at such a situation. 1.2.2 Out sourcing and the human resource management Out sourcing is known as the involvement of the external service provider in the means of contract basis for a business function (Overby, 2007). Out sourcing process is being used in the most of the firms in order to obtain various benefits such as saving of the production cost, cost restructuring, and improve the capacity for innovation and expertisation of operations etc. therefore, referring to the MMCH outsourcing the labour force may be a good option since the firm is running out of small budget. Human resource management can be considered as the management of the firms employees as a resource. It consists of four major components such as administration of personnel, organization management, managing the labor force and the managing the industry. HRM strategy possesses that the way of implementing the function of human resource management on a business. In common, HRM strategy consist of thee major components such as close cooperation, best practice and the continuous monitoring. Though the implementation of HRM strategy is not compulsory, when considering the issues regarding the management of MMCH it may be required for the smooth operation of MMCH in the business environment. 1.3 Operational and strategic change The change that would be expected in MMCH would be basically divided in to two phases. Strategic change Operational change Considering the strategic change it can be considered as a field which is influenced by the decisions of the management. It includes the maximum utilization of resources in terms of improving the performance of a business in the business environment. In relation to MMCH, it may focus on the meeting the MMCHs objective and vision in terms of implementing the novel policies and other plans. For an example, implementation of new quality standards for the service of the hospital can be considered. In contrast, the operational change may include the technological advances in relation to the quality and the efficiency of the service. With the globalization, novel techniques are being developing especially in relation to health service. For as example CT scanning technology, radio therapy and other developments can be considered. Therefore, the future change should be include those both phases of changes. L.O 2 Role of the manager and the making models 2.1 Role of the manager at MMCH The role of the manager can be classified under several elements. When the change should be implemented and what would be the purpose and who has to engage in different tasks. Promote discussions and assigning the different tasks, depending the capabilities of members. Produce the time bond for the assigned task. Plan development. Act as a role model To achieve the role of manager the appropriate model making process is important in the business. Therefore, different model making studies should be studied and should use a blend of that models which would be appropriate. 2.2 Studies of Kotler on transformational process John Kotler had studied about the influence of the change of initiatives on failures and the success of a business. Kotler has revealed that in successful cases, the change process occurred in the series of phases during an extensive time-span and he skipping of steps may cause unsatisfactory results at the end (Kotler, 1996). The phases that should be taken place in the process can be divided in to eight phases. Creation of a requirement of urgency Formation of a powerful guiding alliance Vision creation Stating the vision targeting the community Authorize members to take part on the vision Planning process and acquiring short-term success Combine the improvements and maintaining the force for change moving Admitting novel approaches Identification of vulnerability of the business may be the generation of the requirement of the urgency for a business. In relation to MMCH the management and the crew had already identified the vulnerability of the business with that issue occurred. According to Kotler (Kotler, 1996) if at least 75 % of the management has persuaded that business as normal may not be a acceptable plan in the future. Guiding alliance may be started with just few people. But, in long term the team should be expand continuously by adding new members. Referring to the MMCH in this process, the initial group with few people should be well reputed and talented group. Generation of a picture which can reveal the future of a business may be a better strategy in terms of educating firms customers, employees and also the stake holders about their future. It also facilitates the clarification of a business what is the way they should move in the terms of success. According to Kotler (Kotler, 1996), it is require the management to estimate the requirement of the communication of the prepared vision and that effort should be multiplied by ten. The critical thing is to utilization of the every communication channel and the opportunity. Authorizing the other members to take apart on the vision means allow the members to work on innovative ways and create changes by their involvement. Referring to MMCH, the obstacles which may affect on the firm in greater degree should be overcome. Real transformation process may be a long term process. Therefore, urgency level of the people can be decreased during a long period of time. To avoid that, commitments may be required to make short term business successes to keep the urgency level at high level. Since the transformation process would occur over a long time period, new approaches may be undergo weakening. Similarly, pronouncement of success may affect on negatively on momentum. Therefore, the leaders should take efforts to examine the changes in basic cultures to reveal the relationships in order to move the members in as innovative ways. Two major factors may influence with the institutionalization process such as attempting to aware the people on improvement of the new approaches and ensuring the generation of innovative leaders in the future. Kotler states that among the most of the mistakes, those eight may be major ones and the full of surprises may be behind the successful stories (Kotler, 1996). 2.3 Lewins model of organizational change According to the Lewins, the change of an organization is a progression shift of an organization between two static states (Lewins, 1951). The model consists of three major stages such as unfreezing, changing and re freezing. Unfreezing includes generating the appropriate conditions for a transformational change of a business. The members of a business organization may resist the changes in some situations. For an example the disagreement between the team leader and the crew members of MMCH can be illustrated. For beneficial changes that would result in discomfort. Therefore, the challenge of the leaders may move the people from frozen to unfrozen state tactically. The changing stage also can be identified as transition phase. During that stage the members may aware about the importance of implementing innovative ways in their business. But, the problem is they may not have the correct ideas to be implemented. Therefore, the leadership should train, guide and advocate the members about those innovations. The ultimate objective of this stage is to keep the members at unfrozen stage which have been acquired at the first stage. Refreezing stage can be identified as the establishment of the new stable level with comfort for the existing business by guiding the people back to their familiar and safe environment. The ultimate goal of this stage is to achieve a better frozen state. Through this step, the business can be changed in to stable and high productive stage than the earlier time. L.O 3 Resistance of change Reasons for the resist changes and overcoming the resistances If it is an implementation of a novel plan for the business, there would be some resistant can be created in workers. Those resistant may be due to several reasons. Such as, Increased work load for the carers. Issues regarding the salary. Lack of reliability on novel planning process. Novel plan may be implementing in terms of increasing the efficacy and to improve the quality of the service. Therefore, in some situations the overall work load of the carers may be increased. As a result of that, resistant can be generated in the staff. This can be in cooperated with the issues regarding the salary schemes. Lack of the reliability of workers on novel implementation can be considered as another issue. The issues regarding the work load can be managed by assigning the job responsibilities depending on the capabilities of the staff members or managing the number of the workers by adjusting the budget and the other resources. By managing the company budget, the salary issues can be managed. It can be also managed by cutting off the unnecessary expenditures. Through the continuous awareness programs which are organized by the hospital management, the reliability of the workers on the novel plan implementation can be improved. When considering the novel planning implementation it is critical to overcome the resistance by the staff members to make the implementation process in to success. L.O 4 Impacts of change 4.1 Impact of MMCHs organizational culture on change The attitudes, beliefs and values, experiences and the psychology of a business which is describing in relation to the management and the organizational studies can be identified as the organizational culture (Charles and Gareth 2001). Cultural change may be a complex process which will be taken place during a long time. The process consist of three major steps such as revealing the believes and core values, discuss the differences between core values, checking the in congruencies in and unintended believes and values and choosing which one to be committed and repetition of the steps. As a result of the change, both positive and negative impacts can be generated on the organizational culture. 4.2 Impact on the stake holder There are several types of stakeholders can be identified in a health service such as MMCH. The possible stake holders would be owners, employees, end Consumers, financial community, suppliers, public organizations and the other interested groups. The changes of the plan of a business may affect on stake holders both positive and negatively. When considering the positive impacts the increased budget for the MMCH may encourage the stake holders to engage in the business process more than earlier. Increased shares of the business to the public may increase the involvement of the public to the business. In contrast, the increased competition between the stake holders may cause to discourage the stake holders in the engagement of the business. L.O 5 Different leadership strategies 5.1 The team work and the management Three basic components can be identified in a team work. Those three may be the environment, leader and the subordinates. The critical thing is the components are independent. The responsibility of the manager is to create an environment where the subordinates may favorable to work. The manager should examine the different unique potentials of the subordinates and where it can be applied effectively. The manager should have the capability of guiding the team towards a common goal. The ultimate output would be the efficiency of work. Referring to the MMCH, the management should make the environment where the crew can work favorably. This may include allowances and other benefits depending on their capability of work, adjusting the budget depending on the demand, recruiting the new members as per the requirement and monitoring the quality standards of in relation to equipments and services of MMCH. The management should also identify the potentials of the different individual workers. By using that, they can admit the most suitable crew member to meet they expected under the each section of the hospital. 5.2 Strengths and weaknesses of leadership strategies Leadership for an organization can create both positive and negative results (Michael, 2010). Referring to the positive results, leadership has the capability to show support and assurance in relation to the attempt of the members. It also prevents the team from time wastage regarding the pre determined recommendations. Leadership may have the capability of providing the underlying theory and the historical background regarding a decision. It also examines and understands the direct issues of the team and the reasons for raising such kind of issues. Considering the negative results, in some situations leadership may restrain the creativity and the discussions of members of an organization by dominating with the ideas by neglecting the other options by the members. Similarly, leadership may obstruct the team from possessing the credit and the possession of the success. 5.3 Recommendations within the context of MMCH Referring to the context of MMCH, recommendations can be presented for smooth operation of the firm in the health care service. Depending on the issues which have occurred regarding the crew members the one of the recommendation is to the number of the staff members by recruiting new members. Considering the budget which is currently allocated for MMCH it should be increased up to adequate level. Depending on that budget, the management can decide whether the new staff members to be recruited at contract basis or permanent basis or outsource basis. The improvement of the intra and inter personnel communication between the staff members can be considered as another critical suggestion. Because, its clear that issues were occurred due to the lack of communication skills and technological skills. To achieve that improved skills, training programs can be arranged and the modern technology can be in cooperated with those programs. The whole team should be focussed on treating their customers with a service achiving high quality of statdards. For that, the self evaluation programs can be conducted continulously. Separate sipervising panel can be selected and appointed among the hospital management to go through the feed back and the complains from the public. Unnoticed visits can be arranged with in the premises to make sure that the workers are stick to that quality standards. 5.4 Conclusion MMCH is a business which is mainly focused on the health of their customers. Since, focusing the health the customers should be treated with a high quality service with a high efficiency. PESTEL analysis, concepts of human resource management and also the out sourcing of the staff members may trigger the situational change. Considering the business as a transformational process, following the studies of Kotler may lead the transformational process to become a well organized one. Similarly, Lewins model of organizational change may lead to the generation of successful model in relation to the transformational process. Finally, the purposed suggestions for the survival in the business environment should be accompanied by the effective leadership strategies supported by the hospital staff as a team.

Collegiate Athletes Have A Different College Experience Essay -- Athle

Collegiate Athletes Have A Different College Experience Everyone has his or her own ideas of what the ‘college experience’ should include and be like. Some thoughts on the subject include going out a lot, meeting lots of new people, and dating many different people. Other people consider it the education, and finding someone to settle down with. â€Å"The college experience means your academic and social experiences you have during your time in college. They are the friends you meet, and hang out with. The classmates you meet and work with, and also the professors you deal with in your years at school,† said Tyler Grogan, a senior football player. Are athletes in college getting the same experience as the non-athlete students, or do practices and other sport related events take up too much time? Do all of the practices, games, weight lifting, and time spent in the training room interfere with their learning, or more with their social life? For the majority of the varsity athletes at Northeastern, their commitment to their team leaves little time to be involved in much else. The transition from high school to college can be a difficult one. Young people must deal with making new friends, learning how to manage time and their newfound freedom, and getting used to being away from home. In coming to college there is more responsibility put on oneself. Students no longer have teachers taking attendance every day, and reminding them about all of their assignments. If the student does not go to class in high school, their parents are notified; in college there are no checkups. If students choose to not go to class, then they usually end up failing. Because of the involvement with athletics, is it easier for athletes coming in to c... ...et by, and to get a degree, and not worry about their GPA. For most female athletes the chance to play their sport professionally is very slim, so they tend to put more stock into their class work and school. The two teams with the highest GPA here at Northeastern University are the women’s volleyball team and the women’s hockey team. The five-year program here at Northeastern offers the student-athlete to simply be a student for a year. Tyler Grogan found that once his eligibility for football was over, he had a lot more time. With his extra time he has been able to meet a few more people, and has more time to spend with them because he no longer has football to take up the majority of his time. In general student-athletes just have less time to spend doing anything besides their sport. The college experience is different for them, but not necessarily better. Collegiate Athletes Have A Different College Experience Essay -- Athle Collegiate Athletes Have A Different College Experience Everyone has his or her own ideas of what the ‘college experience’ should include and be like. Some thoughts on the subject include going out a lot, meeting lots of new people, and dating many different people. Other people consider it the education, and finding someone to settle down with. â€Å"The college experience means your academic and social experiences you have during your time in college. They are the friends you meet, and hang out with. The classmates you meet and work with, and also the professors you deal with in your years at school,† said Tyler Grogan, a senior football player. Are athletes in college getting the same experience as the non-athlete students, or do practices and other sport related events take up too much time? Do all of the practices, games, weight lifting, and time spent in the training room interfere with their learning, or more with their social life? For the majority of the varsity athletes at Northeastern, their commitment to their team leaves little time to be involved in much else. The transition from high school to college can be a difficult one. Young people must deal with making new friends, learning how to manage time and their newfound freedom, and getting used to being away from home. In coming to college there is more responsibility put on oneself. Students no longer have teachers taking attendance every day, and reminding them about all of their assignments. If the student does not go to class in high school, their parents are notified; in college there are no checkups. If students choose to not go to class, then they usually end up failing. Because of the involvement with athletics, is it easier for athletes coming in to c... ...et by, and to get a degree, and not worry about their GPA. For most female athletes the chance to play their sport professionally is very slim, so they tend to put more stock into their class work and school. The two teams with the highest GPA here at Northeastern University are the women’s volleyball team and the women’s hockey team. The five-year program here at Northeastern offers the student-athlete to simply be a student for a year. Tyler Grogan found that once his eligibility for football was over, he had a lot more time. With his extra time he has been able to meet a few more people, and has more time to spend with them because he no longer has football to take up the majority of his time. In general student-athletes just have less time to spend doing anything besides their sport. The college experience is different for them, but not necessarily better.

City Demographics and Crime Profile Essay

Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States. According to 2009 census, the city had a population of approximately 2. 2 million people and the city occupies a space of 600 square miles. Houston is a multi-cultural state due to the fact that the city is a host to many academic institutions and many industries. Houston city has large number of young population and this has been contributed to by an influx of immigrants in the state. More than 90 languages are spoken in Houston (Miller, and Larry, 2008) The city is ranked third among the cities with large number of Hispanics and Mexican-American in the United States. The city scores high number of Hispanics in the state of Texas. The city also has high numbers of illegal emigrants who mostly reside in the Greater Houston area. Houston has the largest number of Nigerian-American population in United States and they constitute more than 2% of the population. The city a median household income of $36,616 where as the median income for a family is 40,443. emales have a median income of $27,371 while men has a median of $32,084. 16 percent of families and 19 percent of the population live below the poverty line. The city is home to many emigrants from Asia with more than 30,000 emigrants in 2007. Crime in Houston increases as one goes to the outer highways. It is therefore advised that people walk with care when taking highways in the outskirts of the city since harassment tend to be more common in areas that are outlining Interstate Hig hway 45from Southern Beltway to the northern belt. Crimes in these areas include shootings, muggings, and robberies. Many people in Houston tend to ignore threats but people are mostly advised that some to accomplish their threats. The most notorious district that people are advised to avoid is the Westchase which consist of Hillcroft past Westheimer and Daury Ashford. Mission Bend is safe and all is required is caution. Richmond and the West Oaks area hwy 6 all the way to 1 Stebner Airline is generally safe (Miller, and Larry, 2008). Staying in Hotels near Williowbrook, Tombal, Cy-Fair, Spring and the surrounding area is relatively safer since there are fewer panhandlers as compared to areas around Galleria. Bellaire and West University are also good areas but people are advised to avoid Beechnut, Chimney Rock and 610. The more one moves from town, the it becomes risky to walk at night. Areas such as Wards, Gulfton, Fondren South West and Sharptown are risky at night and it even advised to walk with caution during the day. Houston was ranked 46th city in United States in murder cases as per 2005 and the rate of murder per capita rate is 16. 3. The murder rate for the city is ranked third among cities in the United States with a population of more than 1,000,000. Even though cases of murder have been on the increase, non-violent crimes have significantly reduced by 2% in 2005. Some media sources have attributed the increasing crime rate on the aftermaths of Katrina. Houston is also one of the major drug hubs in the United States; traffickers use the city to supply marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and MDMA to distributors in other cities in the United States. Houston is in top position in state of Texas in auto-theft. In 2007 alone, 31,000 motor vehicles were stolen in the metropolitan area of Houston (Wallman, 2006) Due to the mix in population in the city, there is high rate of crimes and this has given the police department to control crime. Illegal emigrants in Houston makes crime rates hard to control.

Administrative Issues and closeout, Sponsor interactions, IRB communication, Document retention, Close-out

Drug research and development are an essential part of the medical and pharmaceutical company today and therefore each step has to be taken cautiously to keep the process flawless and thereby maintain the efficiency of the system.The system is rendered useless if there are fingers being pointed at the preciseness and the authenticity of the outcome of the research. Issues may crop up related to the research due to a difference in the interest of the scientists and the financial interests of researchers in the study, thereby making it the responsibility of the staff or the pollster to make others aware of the underlying rift in the interests of the two.The function of the food and drug administration (FDA) is to gauge the researches that are requirements of the law needed for the development of new medicines and other similar products and to apply for re-categorizing medical instruments and gadgets, together with upgrading the image of these products.Moreover it minutely scrutinizes e ach and every detail of the data put forth so as to be sure that the research had been done with the required steps so that the study is neutral.The other duty of the FDA is to remain fully aware of the benefit of the sponsors and the clinical investigators, and   the reason why the study is being carried out, and therefore analyze if both are appropriate to each other or not. It even keeps a check by visiting the sites to be sure about the authenticity of the results. (Source: Good Clinical Practice Regulations)The secretary of the US department of the Health and Human services, Tommy G Thompson has stated that the best way to preserve the efficiency of the research is by maintaining the ethics in the study, and the preeminent way to do this is by keeping nothing hidden from all the elements involved in the research, Therefore, shielding all the subjects in the study.There is a report by the name of â€Å"Financial Relationships and Interests in Research Involving Human Subjects : Guidance for Human Subject Protection† which is followed by the HHS and FDA in all the researches that they undertake, aimed at providing a written guidance about the rights of all the human subjects that are a part of the study. (Source: HHS Provides Guidance on Financial Relationships and Interests in Research Involving Human Subjects)The other issue that comes forth is the imbursement to the people taking part in the study. It has been known that the subjects have been paid, but on what grounds, that still is questionable as any written proof on this subject matter has yet not been found.Even the federal and the experts of the field (being researched) do not see eye to eye on this matter. This is where the Institutional Review Boards step in.These agencies are aimed at ensuring that no harm what so ever is caused to the subjects of the research and that they were not brain washed or coerced to be a part of the study and that it was solely their decision to participate. (S ource: National practices regarding payment to research subjects for  participating in pediatric research)There are however certain rules that have to be abided by when it comes to paying the subjects. Firstly that the payments should be made in bits as the study progresses, however if any of the subjects back off before the completion of the research   in that case the payment should be made at the time that had been promised to them had they not backed out.Moreover a check should be made that incase if an additional benefit is to be given to the subject, then it should not be a handsome amount so that it holds the subject back to remain in the research out of greed who would have otherwise not been a part of any longer therefore every monetary dealing should also be documented and written in the approval. (Source: National practices regarding payment to research subjects for  participating in pediatric research)ReferencesUS Food and Drug Adinistration (2006).   Good Clinic al Practice Regulations.   Read the sections in part 312 related to financial disclosure (part 54).   Retrieved on  July 24, 2008  from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=54 Department of Health and Human Services (2004).   HHS Provides Guidance on Financial Relationships and Interests in Research Involving Human Subjects.   Retrieved on July 24, 2008 from http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2004pres/20040512.html. Weise, K. L., Smith, M. L., Maschke, K. J. and Copeland, H. L. (2002). National practices regarding payment to research subjects for  participating in pediatric research.   Pediatrics 110 (3), 577.   Retrieved on May 21, 2008 from  http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/110/3/577?ck=nck.

The anatomy of a good speech - Emphasis

The anatomy of a good speech The anatomy of a good speech Whether you think David Cameron is Blair MK II or the saviour-in-waiting of UK plc, the BBCs analysis of his speeches down the years here and here makes very interesting reading. Top of the list of most-used words is people, which Emphasis has always cited as one of the most powerful in the English language. The UKs Conservative Party (of whom Cameron is leader) is currently riding high in the polls with a nine point lead over Labour, and many put this down at least partly to a well-orchestrated communications policy. This is unsurprising given that Cameron is the former head of corporate affairs at a large media company. But credit must also go to the speechwriters on the Tory campaign team, who clearly know how to turn a phrase or two to their leaders advantage. The analysis reveals how they seem to have chosen words very carefully to support a deliberate strategy. For example, Gordon Brown said in his speech last week that this was no time for novices, in a sideways swipe at his opponents lack of experience. So Cameron this week gave Margaret Thatcher a name-check purely to give his speech weight, apparently. The BBC uses word clouds to show how the latest conference speeches from the leaders of all three main UK political parties compare. Its all fascinating stuff.

Corroboratively vs. Collaboratively

Corroboratively vs. Collaboratively Corroboratively vs. Collaboratively Corroboratively vs. Collaboratively By Maeve Maddox A reader has brought my attention to an odd use of the word corroboratively in a job description for a communications specialist position: Work corroboratively as a member of an integrated contractor team Like the reader, I believe that the recruiter was reaching for the adverb collaboratively, which is the word used to describe the action of working with others in a cooperative manner. In my search for additional examples of this misuse, I did not find many, but corroboratively, often spelled â€Å"corrobatively,† does appear in other job descriptions published by recruiters, including several from the UK and one from Australia: You will work corroboratively with the Directors and other Managers Work corrobatively [sic] to support recovery process A marketing site provided another: I think probably this has [a lot] to do with the niche and how much [revenue] is in it for them, and is used corrobatively [sic]. The verb corroborate means â€Å"to strengthen or confirm.† It cropped up frequently in the old Perry Mason television series: Can you corroborate his alibi? If it please the Court, we have corroborating evidence. The adverb form corroboratively is rarely used, although I did find it in two or three difficult-to-follow interpretations of the Book of Revelation in which the prophecies are seen as an indictment of the petroleum industry: all prophecy is corrobatively [sic] linked into the energy business I’m not certain, but I think this example may have something to do with the idea that the Bible provides supporting evidence for the writer’s views. So far the rogue use of corroboratively in the sense of cooperatively or collaboratively is rare, but errors travel quickly in cyberspace. Beware. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†The Four Sounds of the Spelling OUPreposition Review #1: Chance of vs. Chance for

Lord of the Flies Quotes Explained

Lord of the Flies Quotes Explained Lord of the Flies, William Goldings classic novel about English schoolboys marooned on a deserted island, is a powerful examination of human nature. The following Lord of the Flies quotes illustrate the novels central issues and themes. Quotes About Order and Civilization â€Å"Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything. So weve got to do the right things.† (Chapter 2) This quote, spoken by Jack, serves two purposes in the novel. First, it demonstrates the boys initial dedication to hav[ing] rules and obey[ing] them. They have grown up in English society, and they assume that their new society will be modeled after it. They elect their leader democratically, establish a protocol for speaking and being heard, and assign jobs. They express a desire to do the right things. Later in the novel, the boys descend into chaos. They become the so-called savages that Jack mentions, and Jack is instrumental in this transformation, which brings us to the second purpose of the quote: irony. The more we learn about Jacks increasing sadism, the more absurd this early quote seems. Perhaps Jack never believed in rules in the first place and simply said whatever he needed to say to gain authority on the island. Or, perhaps his belief in order was so superficial that it disappeared after only a short time, making way for his true violent nature to emerge. â€Å"Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law.† (Chapter 4) In this quote, we see how the rules of society influence the boys at the start of their time on the island. Indeed, their initial period of cooperation and organization is fueled by the memory of the old life, where authority figures implemented punishment in response to misbehavior. Yet, this quote also foreshadows the violence that later erupts on the island. Roger refrains from throwing rocks at Henry not because of his own morals or conscience, but because of the memory of societys rules: the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. This statement underscores Golding’s view of human nature as fundamentally uncivilized, restrained only by external authorities and societal restrictions. Quotes About Evil â€Å"Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!† (Chapter 8) In this quote, Simon realizes that the the Beast the boys fear is, in fact, the boys themselves. They are their own monsters. In this scene, Simon is hallucinating, so he believes that this statement is made by the Lord of the Flies. However, it is actually Simon himself who has this revelation. Simon represents spirituality in the novel. (In fact, Goldings first draft made Simon an explicitly Christ-like figure.) He is the only character who seems to have a clear sense of right and wrong. He acts according to his conscience, rather than behaving out of fear of consequences or a desire to protect the rules. It makes sense that Simon, as the novels moral figure, is the boy who realizes the evil on the island was the boys own making. â€Å"Im frightened. Of us.† (Chapter 10) Simons revelation is proved tragically correct when he is killed at the hands of the other boys, who hear his frenzy and attack, thinking that he is the Beast. Even Ralph and Piggy, the two most stalwart supporters of order and civilization, are swept up in the panic and take part in Simon’s murder. This quote, spoken by Ralph, highlights just how far the boys have descended into chaos. Ralph is a firm believer in the power of rules to maintain order, but in this statement, he seems uncertain of whether rules can save the boys from themselves. Quotes About Reality [Jack] looked in astonishment, no longer at himself but at an awesome stranger. He spilt the water and leapt to his feet, laughing excitedly. ... He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling. He capered toward Bill, and the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. (Chapter 4) This quote marks the beginning of Jacks ascent to power on the island. In this scene, Jack is looking at his own reflection after painting his face with clay and charcoal. This physical transformation gives Jack a sense of freedom from shame and self-consciousness, and his boyish laughter quickly becomes bloodthirsty snarling. This shift parallels Jacks equally bloodthirsty behavior; he becomes increasingly sadistic and brutal as he gains power over the other boys. A few lines later, Jack gives a command to some of the boys, who quickly obey because the Mask compelled them. The Mask is an illusion of Jacks own creation, but on the island the Mask becomes a thing on its own that conveys authority to Jack. â€Å"The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.† (Chapter 12) Just prior to this scene, the boys have set the fire ablaze and are on the verge of murdering Ralph. However, before they can do so, a ship appears, and a naval captain arrives on the island. The boys immediately burst into tears. Instantly the trappings of Jack’s fierce hunting tribe are gone, any effort to harm Ralph ends, and the boys are children again. Their violent conflicts end abruptly, like a game of pretend. The islands societal structure felt powerfully real, and it even led to several deaths. Nevertheless, that society evaporates instantly as another more powerful social order (the adult world, the military, British society) takes its place, suggesting that perhaps all societal organization is equally as tenuous.

What do you consider to be the importance of witches in Macbeth Essay

What do you consider to be the importance of witches in Macbeth - Essay Example Their very presence offers a comparison between good and evil, natural & the supernatural, contrasting morality with Macbeth's ambition. It empowers Shakespeare to not only single out Macbeth's weak trait, but also stresses on these human flaws, which at certain times becomes a thin layer of difference between humanity and supernatural powers. Time element plays a dubious role because the "weird sisters" do not tell Macbeth what time he would become king; they predict such a happening in future but without specifying the time of his becoming the king. Therefore, their foretelling negates time. The impact of this negation of time element might indicate that the witches’ foretelling is a puzzle to be solved, and that the impact it has on Macbeth, leads him rather from listening to taking action. It derives then that the notion of the witches and their extra-ordinary abilities, are conspiring Macbeth's mind; he is instigated to fulfil his desires. It offers an evaluation of his p sychological state and feeling of humanity, knocking at Macbeth's human instinct. The presence of witches creates an element of uncertainty in the character of Macbeth. His state of mind remains unstable to the extent of further deterioration throughout the play. Audience reacts by studying Macbeth’s state of mind.... That’s the reason behind Shakespeare making extensive use of the â€Å"weird sisters†, bringing about a transformation in the character of Macbeth, as he murders King Duncan and his so-called best friend, Banquo. The clear purpose of Shakespeare's inclusion of the witches and their wicked ways was to create element of horror for his 17th century spectators (Aimee par. 5). Comparing present-day spectators of Shakespeare’s Macbeth with Shakespeare’s audience, one does not feel that emotional reactions to the appearance of ghostly figures would be the same. Modern spectators have gone through different and varied experiences and do not relate themselves with fearful expressions; rather they may take such appearances funny way. Portrayal of witches in Shakespeare’s times was inhuman. â€Å"You should be women; and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so† indicates that the witches are neither masculine nor feminine. Shakespeare has given a totally distinct image of the witches. Perhaps, he wanted to give a message that human beings blamed for being witches were falsely implicated, as witches looked abnormal and inhuman in appearances (Aimee par. 6). Shakespeare has given a different colouring to his presentation of witches, alluding them to human desires, suggesting them to be the inside presence of evil in Macbeth and human beings. It is the personal decision of each human being to bend before the evil inside or not. It also indicates that witches are just representations of one’s own mind’s evil, as it is weaved in Macbeth’s mind; actually, these are the spiritual framings of his inner desires (Aimee par. 7). Witches succeed in instigating Macbeth to the extent that

Female Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Female Style - Essay Example This context seeks to find the truth of this hypothesis by comparing works of two authors. The authors include Rachel Blau DuPlessis, For the Etruscans and Elaine Showalter, Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness and their feminism writing styles respectively. Rachel Blau Duplessis in the book The new feminism Criticism and the Pink Guitar depicts various styles that relate to the women’s way of writing. There is a rich use of rhetorical questions said to a women’s genre.Rhetorical questions have their usage when one wants to capture the concentration of his audience. For example, when she asks about what happened to the girl who met her bereavement (Duplessis, 126). This is a rhetorical question that does not oblige anyone to answer or offer their opinion. Rather, this rehetorical question seeks to compell the readers to reason with the author. The rhetorical question aims at creating suspense that makes readers yearn to find the truth. The author also uses rhetory by asking whether the girl became Estrucans. This is a rhetorical question that requires no answers. Therefore, out of evidence, it is true that women consider using rhetorical questions while writing. The other style that depicts women’s writing is the use of fiction. When the author talks of the fact that he thought that he was a an artist, this depicts fantacy. Women’s writing has the aspect of using fictional writing. Fictional writing is one that explores on things that not practical at present. Therefore, this aspect shows that the women explore on fictional matteres while men exploit factual happenings. Fictions shows that women are prone to speculating issues and hoping for matters. This is the opposite of men who seek to talk about facts as researches reveal. The other aspect that shows women’s writing style is the way Rachel uses the pronouns I and she in her writing (Duplessis,160). She does not use the exact nouns in her writing of women ctriticism. The

The Smythe Family - Rupert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Smythe Family - Rupert - Essay Example From the family’s financial problems, it became extremely difficult for Rupert to adjust to the entire situation. Rupert’s situation can only be understood through highlighting factors anti-discriminatory practice and empowerment, psychological factors, health promotion and communication, multi-professional working and Sociology of health and illness. Anti-discriminatory practice and empowerment Rupert seems to be undergoing stigma and isolation in an attempt to deal with the family situation. Aymer & Okitikpi (2009) state that, feelings of stigma and isolation for extensive periods emanate from the fact that the individual has been through stress and depression. On the other hand, Parker & Penhale (2007) indicate that feelings of stigma and discrimination in society are the result of Rupert’s withdrawal symptoms from other persons in the society. It is justified to argue that Rupert is undergoing segregation from his friends of his former social class and findin g his way within another social class has proven to be an uphill task. Consequently, Rupert is developing issues with his social skills and perceives everything in society as negative. In response, Rupert cuts down on communication with his parents and is completely alienated from his family’s life. ... At the family level, Rupert feels that he is the ‘black sheep’ and leading a secret life; in his perception it is the best solution to his predicaments. Rupert should be empowered to go beyond his feelings of disappointment and act towards making his life better. Empowerment has been credited for its ability to direct individuals towards moving beyond their stressors to achieving their goals and objectives as supported by Jones (2004). Psychological factors Psychological factors are useful in the explaining of Rupert’s changed behavior. Durand & Barlow (2011) indicate that individuals are rational beings who have the ability to weigh options before embarking on any move. In addition, Shumake, Ockene & Riekert (2008) argue that it is almost obvious that individuals act in accordance with their own interests. The move by Rupert to alienate himself from his family is simply an irrational decision. Studies done by Salk (1914) on cognitive simplification process in dec ision making indicate, that most individuals are prone to error in making choices. In this case, it is vital that individuals weigh all options before making the final decision regarding dilemmatic situations. Salk also suggests that life is an error-making and an error-correcting process. Emotions, according to psychologists, play a great role in influencing an individual’s decision making. Schneider (2010) indicates that if a person is in a low mood, they tend to make unreasonable decisions that at most extreme circumstances can cost them their life. In this case, Rupert made has used poor judgment into making decisions that makes him more vulnerable than previously. He has in turn resulted into indulgence

Moral Reasoning Assignment ( Business Ethics) Essay

Moral Reasoning Assignment ( Business Ethics) - Essay Example Drug should be used for intended purpose and therefore withholding some information about the drug on either the side effects or the purpose of drug leads to misinformation or put the life of patients into danger (Lemmens, 2013). It was morally unacceptable. The food and poison board has been established to help regulate the amount of ingredients in drugs because overconsumption of such substance used in making drug is harmful to health. Drug manufacturers should, therefore, provide detailed relevant information to the food and poison board for the regulation of such drugs. The drug manufacturer had it in mind of the failure to provide relevant information then make safety claims about the product. The company could even offer doctors benefits and privileges in order to deceive the public about the safety of the drugs while marketing them. By use of medically trained doctors as sales agents, they were well aware of the safety information they had kept away from the public. The drug manufacturer in this case endangered the life of consumers, and this was morally unaccepted in pharmaceutical regulations. According to my assessment, such activities were out of law and were worth being punishable. There would be much difference according to morally thinking individual if such activities are never punished. Anything that exposes life into risk should be avoided at all cost. However, any attempt by anybody or organization hide vital, relevant information is prosecutable under the law as noted by authors (Mc Donell, Altman, Leitch & ABC TV, 2012). Drugs are poisonous if their content and ingredients are not regulated and therefore relevant information about the chemicals and reagents used in their manufacture is crucial in regulating their consumption. Drug manufacturers, therefore, should adhere to the bylaws set by food and poison board in order easy and efficient regulation to ensure poison free drugs (David,

Master Harold and the Boys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Master Harold and the Boys - Essay Example This piece by Athol Fugard is founded on the early life of playwright in South Africa. The play is not about ordinary retelling of a past occurrence by the writer; rather Fugard presents an individual experience that happens to be extending to the widespread humanity. Supposing the play happened to be a merely polemic touching on the apartheid policy, by now the play would be outmoded considering the sweeping transformations that have changed South Africa. Fugard wrote a play concerning the relations by humans that are put to assessment by personal and societal forces. Since Fugard majorly centered most of his on the unfairness brought about by the apartheid regime system of the South African government, officials of the government regarding numerous of Fugard’s work as rebellious and numerous a times endeavored to stop the production and publication of his plays (Huffstutler, pg1). Therefore, most of Fugard’s initial work was presented to a few private audiences in ord er to evade censorship by the government. However, Master Harold and the Boys was staged for record 344 presentations on Broadway and was consequently produced in extra greatest cities such as London. Unfortunately, the play got to be officially prohibited by the government of South Africa. Nevertheless, the various efforts by Fugard’s native country did not hinder the broader universal community from acknowledging his work. Master Harold and the Boys play has received numerous recognitions including Critics Circle Award and a Drama Desk Award for a superlative play in the year 1983. In addition, it received award recognition from the Evening Standard in London in the year 1984. Consequently, the play has gained a place in the contemporary drama of the world, taking pleasure in often revivals around the globe. It is regarded as one of Fugard’s outstanding masterpieces and a critical work worthy for both its skilled craft of theater and universal humanity themes. Hally learns from Sam significant lessons regarding the importance of cherishing family members and also treating people justly, regardless of the color. It is imperative to take note that the apartheid system which ruled South Africa took place in the 1950’s, a period which depicts the actions of the play since it happens to be the fundamental message by the author. The divide of black individuals existed in each layer of the South Africa country social order where black men got forced into bowing lowly to the white folks. In the play, Hally takes an evidently superior attitude with Sam and is arrogant about teaching Sam despite the numerous years Sam has served as an employee in the tearoom. There is an instance in the play where Hally spits onto Sam’s face, a situation which left Sam helpless considering the nature of their relationship. Sam avoided a kite flying session with Hally, claiming he needed to go back to work whereas the actuality was that the bench Hally was o ccupying, was only meant for the whites (Huffstutler, pg1) "I couldn't sit down there and stay with you. It was a "Whites Only" bench. You were too young, too excited to notice then.† Therefore, Sam was avoiding explaining the true position as to his desire to leave the kite session. Hally is reasonably conflicted expressively since the society disregards the behavior of humiliating the black people. It happens that Sam has been the only affirmative role model Hally has had in his life consequently propelling the emotions Hally has towards the dividing system. Regarding the situation concerning Hally’s crippled father, Sam manages to play a positive role in convincing Hally not to be embarrassed about his

Group project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group project - Essay Example While Gamefly offers both purchasing and renting service on subscription basis for video games for every gaming console there is. Apart from this gamefly also own a series of websites provide detailed information on video games and Kongregate.com is one of the closely associated companies. Also Joltonline is another key company.Warner Bros, Wea Corp for the release of Transformers 3. Apart from that it is working with Virgin corp are in a partnership to power online video games competition. Sequoia Capital are termed as Entrepreneurs behind entrepreneurs are one of the major investors. Other is Tenaya capital the other major investor. Partnerships with Del taco and Six flags theme park for summer long promotions. Apart from that Bawls a non alcoholic carbonated beverage had also partnered with Gamefly. Gamestop wants to portray the image that the company prefers customer satisfaction at the most, they intend to make the experience at their outlets a wonderful experience for each and every customer that visits them irrespective of the age bracket they belong too. Gamefly on the other hands wants their customer to save their hard earned money and spend in wisely while spending it on something which is expensive at the most apart from it being short lived if the wrong choice is made. So they want to offer their customer an opportunity to minimize spending on the wrong choice they made and provide them with new

Master Harold and the Boys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Master Harold and the Boys - Essay Example This piece by Athol Fugard is founded on the early life of playwright in South Africa. The play is not about ordinary retelling of a past occurrence by the writer; rather Fugard presents an individual experience that happens to be extending to the widespread humanity. Supposing the play happened to be a merely polemic touching on the apartheid policy, by now the play would be outmoded considering the sweeping transformations that have changed South Africa. Fugard wrote a play concerning the relations by humans that are put to assessment by personal and societal forces. Since Fugard majorly centered most of his on the unfairness brought about by the apartheid regime system of the South African government, officials of the government regarding numerous of Fugard’s work as rebellious and numerous a times endeavored to stop the production and publication of his plays (Huffstutler, pg1). Therefore, most of Fugard’s initial work was presented to a few private audiences in ord er to evade censorship by the government. However, Master Harold and the Boys was staged for record 344 presentations on Broadway and was consequently produced in extra greatest cities such as London. Unfortunately, the play got to be officially prohibited by the government of South Africa. Nevertheless, the various efforts by Fugard’s native country did not hinder the broader universal community from acknowledging his work. Master Harold and the Boys play has received numerous recognitions including Critics Circle Award and a Drama Desk Award for a superlative play in the year 1983. In addition, it received award recognition from the Evening Standard in London in the year 1984. Consequently, the play has gained a place in the contemporary drama of the world, taking pleasure in often revivals around the globe. It is regarded as one of Fugard’s outstanding masterpieces and a critical work worthy for both its skilled craft of theater and universal humanity themes. Hally learns from Sam significant lessons regarding the importance of cherishing family members and also treating people justly, regardless of the color. It is imperative to take note that the apartheid system which ruled South Africa took place in the 1950’s, a period which depicts the actions of the play since it happens to be the fundamental message by the author. The divide of black individuals existed in each layer of the South Africa country social order where black men got forced into bowing lowly to the white folks. In the play, Hally takes an evidently superior attitude with Sam and is arrogant about teaching Sam despite the numerous years Sam has served as an employee in the tearoom. There is an instance in the play where Hally spits onto Sam’s face, a situation which left Sam helpless considering the nature of their relationship. Sam avoided a kite flying session with Hally, claiming he needed to go back to work whereas the actuality was that the bench Hally was o ccupying, was only meant for the whites (Huffstutler, pg1) "I couldn't sit down there and stay with you. It was a "Whites Only" bench. You were too young, too excited to notice then.† Therefore, Sam was avoiding explaining the true position as to his desire to leave the kite session. Hally is reasonably conflicted expressively since the society disregards the behavior of humiliating the black people. It happens that Sam has been the only affirmative role model Hally has had in his life consequently propelling the emotions Hally has towards the dividing system. Regarding the situation concerning Hally’s crippled father, Sam manages to play a positive role in convincing Hally not to be embarrassed about his

Assessment in Special Education Essay Example for Free

Assessment in Special Education Essay Abstract Sometimes the general education program alone is not able to meet the needs of a child with disabilities, and he/she may be able to receive special education services. The evaluation process can be a very difficult task when trying to identify if the child qualifies for special education, schools often have a pre-referral intervention process. The most prominent approached used today is the â€Å"response-to-Intervention† or RTI. Special Education teachers face many challenges when trying to meet the needs of special needs students in their classrooms. Methods of evaluation are a big concern and challenge for educators of special needs students today. In addition, meeting everyone’s needs is a difficult task to accomplish because of students’ diverse abilities in the classroom. This research paper will explore the different methods of assessment in special education programs and the best practices to help this children achieve their potential in an appropriate setting. Testing and assessment is an ongoing process with children in special education programs. Some of these assessments include, developmental assessments, screening tests, individual intelligence tests, individual academic achievement tests, adaptive behavior scales, behavior rating scales, curriculum-based assessments, end-of-grade, end-of-course, and alternate assessments. Comprehensive assessment of individual students requires the use of multiple data sources. These sources may also include standardized tests, informal measures, observations, student self-reports, parent reports, and progress monitoring data from response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches (NJCLD, 2005). The main purpose of a comprehensive assessment in the special education field is to accurately identify the strengths and needs of the students to help them be successful during their school years and there after. Legislation has played a big role in the shift towards functional assessment. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is also known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act has played a big role in this matter. The IDEA legislation â€Å"needed to assure that students with disabilities receive free appropriate public education (FAPE) and the related services and support the need to achieve† (Jeffords 1). IDEA was created to make sure that disabled children are receiving fair and equal education and support. This act has several parts to it which include providing grants, funds early intervention services, and supports research and professional development programs. The No Child Left Behind Act: Impact on the Assessment of Special Education Student. After the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) moved into our schools there is a great deal of controversy that questions whether the act implemented by President George W. Bush is helping or hurting an already suffering school system. There are many dimensions of the NCLB act that have been questioned over the past decade; the fair assessment of students with disabilities is one of them. As the National Center for Fair Open Testing (NCFOT) reported, the public relations aspect of this act is strong. Prior to the Individuals with Disability Education Act of 1997 (IDEA) students in special education were exempt from participating in the statewide testing. However, the IDEA advocated that all students including those with special learning difficulties should be able to participate in testing. (Cahalan, 2003). Legislative Overview of Laws Protecting Special Education Students On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed the NCLB act. In this act the federal government was for the first time in the history of the Department of Education putting an act into effect that would penalize schools that failed to meet adequate yearly progress (AYP). The AYP is a measuring system in which the federal government will look at the progress of the local government and school systems to decide whether or not that school, along with its teachers and students, has progressed and provided a high-quality education (Goldhaber, 2002). Through the NCLB act schools are held accountable for failing test scores and failure to improve their class average from one year to the next. The longer the school fails to meet required scores, the more the school will be held accountable, and the greater the consequence. For instance, a school that is unable to make their desired AYP and has not improved a significant amount within five years will then be subject to reconstruction. This reconstruction could include the government completely taking over the school and hiring new teachers and  teacher staff, leaving many teachers and staff unemployed (Goldhaber, 2002). Teachers and students in the special education department do have some laws however that helps them make testing less stressful. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 required that accommodations must be made for students with learning disabilities in order to be able to participate in the assessment (Cahalan, 2003). However, this leaves the question of what can be used as accommodations. Accommodations could include things such as test schedules and setting of the test, along with the format of the presentation. Also used to help the special education students and teachers is the individualized education plan (IEP). The Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA) of 1991 would set into effect the idea of an IEP. An IEP is a plan that is set by a group of individuals that work closely with the student to design the educational format that is most appropriate for him/her (Cahalan, 2003). This does not take into account the type of disorder the student has but simply the student themselves. The individualized attention that is given with this plan provides the student with the correct instruction needed to be successful in education. These groups of individuals include the teacher, parent, school psychologist and anyone else that is closely related to the education of this student. The IEP members are, in most states, responsible in deciding which accommodations are important for each individual student (Cahalan, 2003). They, however, are not a part of deciding what accommodations will be provided for each student during the NCLB assessment. The laws described here were all implemented with the same goal in mind; to protect special education students and be sure their quality of education is the same as all other students. However some of these laws, including the NCLB, must be altered in order to truly give special needs students the education and assessment they deserve. Best Practices in Assessment of Special Education Students Students in special education programs should be included in the statewide assessments, as the IDEA of 1997 states. The IDEA also states that accommodations should be made to be sure that the student is able to fully understand the materials they are asked (Cahalan, 2003). There are four categories of test accommodations, presentation, response, timing, and  setting (Cahalan, 2003). Presentation is simply visual aids that help the student fully understand the context. These do not alter the questions of the test; they simply make it accessible for the students. Presentation accommodations include Braille, large-print, sign language interpreter, or reducing the number of questions per page (Cahalan, 2003). These simple accommodations make test taking less stressful, and therefore the material is better understandable by the student. However, no state has reported using them in their statewide assessments since the inception of the NCLB. In a study of over one thousand students it was found that using a video presentation to help understand the test showed a significant increase in their achievement (Cahalan, 2003). So why is the educational department not using these modifications that help so much? Another form of accommodation used in special education testing is response. It may be as simple as giving an oral response instead of a written one or it may mean that the test is dictated to the student by a recorder. These accommodations in no way alters the response that is given or received, it is still the same question being asked. Results have shown that by providing a reader special education students showed a significant improvement in their test score (Cahalan, 2003). The last two accommodations are setting and timing. The timing could include any extra time needed, breaks during the exam, or spreading the testing out through a few days instead of taking it all in one day. And the final accommodation is setting, which could include special furniture, lighting, or an individualized testing area (Cahalan, 2003). Even though there was no evidence to prove that setting and timing are important accommodations, it is well known that many special education students are tested in private rooms with more time. These accommodations should be accessible for special education students that need them to better their test taking skills. However, many states do not allow such accommodations to be made due to the misconceived conception that they change the contents of the test when in actuality they do not in any way alter the questions asked. BEST PRACTICES IN ASSESSMENT HANDOUT †¢Create a shared mission and goals statement that reflects an emphasis on student learning. †¢Focus on collaboration and teamwork. Faculty members must agree on assessment goals for planning to be meaningful. They may have to rise to a higher level of collaboration than may have been traditionally practiced in most departments. Collaboration within the department, across departments, and with higher administration will facilitate the best outcomes from assessment planning. All constituents must recognize that assessment skills must be developed and that colleagues can assist each other by sharing practices and strategies. †¢Clarify the purpose of assessment. Assessment can serve dual purposes: Assessment can promote student learning or provide evidence for accountability requirements through an evaluation of strengths and weaknesses. Wherever possible, students should experience a direct, positive benefit from their participation in assessment activities. †¢Identify clear, measurable, and developmental student learning †¢OUTCOMES. Explicit identification of learning expectations facilitates the departments coherence about their GOALS. Sharing those expectations explicitly with students can provide an effective learning scaffold on which students can build their experiences and render effective performance. †¢Use multiple MEASURES and sources consistent with resources. Effective assessment planning can only occur when properly supported with appropriate time, money, and recognition for good work. The expansiveness of the assessment plan will depend on those resources. As resources permit, additional MEASURES can be added to planning. These MEASURES address variations in learning style, differences in types of learning, and interests from varied stakeholders. †¢Implement continuous assessment with clear, manageable timelines. Better assessment practice involves spreading out assessment activity throughout the year and across years rather than conducting a marathon short-term assessment effort in a single year. Projecting a schedule of regular formal reviews can facilitate appropriate interim activity. †¢Help students succeed on assessment tasks. Students will fare best in assessment activities when faculty make expectations explicit, provide detailed instructions, and offer samples or models of successful performance. They will benefit most with opportunities to practice prior to assessment and when given detailed feedback about the quality of their performance. †¢Interpret and use assessment results appropriately. Assessment should be a stimulus for growth, renewal, and improvement, not an action that generates data to ensure positive outcomes. Linking funding to assessment outcomes may encourage artificial results. Assessment data should not be used for personnel decisions. If cross-institution comparisons are inevitable, care should be taken to ensure comparisons across comparable institutions (benchmarking). †¢Evaluate your assessment practices. Results from assessment activity should be evaluated to address their reliability, validity, and utility. Poor student performance can reflect limited learning or an ill-designed assessment process. Examining how effectively the assessment strategy meets departmental needs is a critical step in the evolution of the department plan. (Retrieved from www. caspercollege. edu/assessment/downloads/best_practices. pdf) The Effect of NCLB Assessments on Special Education Programs When the Department of Education was asked how they intend to insure that special education students will not be forced to take tests that are above their intelligence level under the NCLB act, they could not give a real solution. They simply said that there are accommodations available, and if the student’s disability is severe to the point that the accommodations will not help, there are alternate tests they can take (Education Week, 2003). However, the problem with this is that there is no clear definition as to who is able to receive these accommodations and who is able to receive the alternate assessment. Who decides this? And how handicapped must a student be in order to receive an alternate assessment? Even though special education students are not at the same intelligence level as their peers they are still placed in the same test group as them. The NCLB act does not include in its AYP percentage the failing percentage rate of special education students in each given population. Therefore, teachers and school administration are trying to make up for the percentage loss in special education departments. Some teachers are now, for the first time, being held accountable for failing test scores. This, in effect, causes teachers to alter their curriculum and teach to the test? (Goldhaber, 2002). By teaching to the test students are missing out on important curriculum information that may be overlooked completely or presented in short educational lecture in the middle of teaching test taking skills and other information that may be found on the assessments. Possible Improvement to the Assessment and Accountability. To improve the NCLB act we must first know what is wrong with the act. While the idea of leaving no child behind in education is a good plan, there are still a few loop holes that the president’s act needs to clear up. The students that are placed in the special education setting are usually there because they have a disability or are below average in their cognitive abilities. In order to be fair to these students the government must be sure that they have the same quality education as all other students, but the government must also realize that the curriculum of the material they are learning may in some cases be drastically different. With this knowledge, it must then be known that to accurately and fairly assess special education students the assessments must be built with the correct accommodations. In order for this to happen, those who design the tests must develop an exam that meets the needs of the student, and not the needs of the disorder. In other words, do not test a student as an autistic child but first look at their individual advantages and disadvantages according to each test taking skill. Some students may simply need more time, while others will need more time along with a person to read to them and interpret some larger word usage. It is all based on the student’s individual needs (Cahalan, 2003). In other words the decisions of the accommodations should be made by people that know the student on a personal level, and know what accommodations are present in their current education setting. As stated before, with some assessments the IEP will meet to determine what accommodations will be made for the students in that assessment, However, this is not the case in the NCLB assessments; but it should be. Those who are teaching and raising the child should be a part of the process of determining how the child is assessed and what accommodations are necessary (Washington, 2003). It is important for the education of future special education students that the Department of Education take into consideration the possible reforms that were suggested by many local government and teachers surrounding them. Improvements can be made to the assessment of special education, and should be made to be sure that all students are receiving a fair and adequate education. Disproportionate identification of minorities in some special education categories: When speaking of the learning disabled, minorities, one must consider some dimensions to the issue of assessment within a particularly specialized light. This special population reflects both the learning disabled (LD) and the minority that they belong to. This is largely the case within a practical context, although as the literature points out, pre-considerations must be afforded for minority students. To begin with, it is important to look at the many variables that exist within the aforementioned components. These components include English as a Second Language (ESL), socioeconomic level and finally the impact this has on teaching the learning disabled in a classroom setting and more specifically when employing the assistance of a translator. Curriculum-based assessment is hampered with some biases that can affect these students (Dolson, 1984). A childs race and ethnicity significantly influence the childs probability of being misidentified, misclassified, and inappropriately placed in special education programs. Research shows the relationship between race and ethnicity and other variables for students placement in special education classes. Variables such as language, poverty, assessment practices, systemic issues, and professional development opportunities for teachers have been cited as factors that play a role in disproportionate representation (emstac. org). Children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds should be able to receive an excellent and appropriate education. Some students are not included in special education programs, even though they have a disability that is affecting their ability to learn and they need special education help. Some CLD populations are also significantly under-represented in programs for the gifted and/or talented. In these instances, CLD groups are considered under-represented because the proportion of students from certain ethnic or racial groups who receive special services are significantly less than the number of these same students in the overall school population (U. S. Department of Education, 2004). Facts: †¢ Hispanics are under-identified within certain disability categories compared to their White peers (U. S. Department of Education, 2006). †¢ Asian/Pacific Islander students are actually less likely to be identified for special education services than other CLD populations (NABE, 2002). There are a number of possible action steps school personnel can take to ensure that individual assessments are conducted in a culturally responsive and nondiscriminatory manner (Klotz Canter 2006). Recommendations include: †¢Allowing more time. Assessments of students from diverse backgrounds require more time to gather important background information and allow for alternative and flexible procedures. †¢Gathering extensive background information. To provide a context for the evaluation, conduct a review of all available background information including: school attendance, family structure, household changes and moves, and medical, developmental, and educational histories. †¢Utilizing student progress monitoring data from Response-to-Intervention (RtI) or problem-solving processes. Data generated from a process that determines if the child responds to scientific evidence-based interventions should be included in a comprehensive evaluation. The National Research Council on Minority Representation in Special Education recommended the use of data from a systematic problem-solving process measuring the student’s response to high quality interventions (National Research Council, 2002, pp. 7-8). †¢Addressing the role of language. Determining the need for and conducting dual language assessments are essential steps in an evaluation process. This includes determining the student’s language history (i. e. , ages that the student spoke and heard various languages), dominance (i. e. , greatest language proficiency), and preference (i. e. , the language the student prefers to speak). †¢ Using nonverbal and alternative assessment strategies. When assessing students from CLD backgrounds, use standardized nonverbal cognitive and translated tests (when available in the target language). Additional assessment techniques, including curriculum-based assessments, test-teach-test strategies and in-direct sources of data, such as teacher and parent reports, portfolios, work samples, teacher/student checklists, informal interviews and observations, and classroom test scores are also helpful in completing an accurate, comprehensive evaluation (NEA, 2007). Bibliography Bush, President George W. (December 3, 2004). Bipartisan Special Education Reform Bill. Retrieved from http://www. ed. gov/news/newsletters/extracredit/ 2004/12/1203. html Cahalan, C. Morgan, D. L. (2003). Review of state policy for high stakes testing of students with disabilities on high school exit exams. Educational Testing Service. Department of Education. (2003). Title I ? Improving the Academic Achievement of the Disadvantaged; Proposed Rule. (34 CFR Part 200). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office. Dolson, David P. (1985). The Effect of Spanish Home Language Use on the Scholastic Performance of Hispanic Pupils. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, V. 6, No. 2,50. Fair Test. (2005). The National Center for Fair Open Testing. Retrieved from http://www. fairtest. org on October 12, 2011 Goldhaber, D. (2002). What might go wrong with the accountability measures of the? No Child Left Behind Act? The Urban Institute. IDEA Partnership. http://www. ideapartnership. org Klot z, M. B. Canter, A. (2006). Culturally Competent Assessment and Consultation. Retrieved October 2011 from: http://www.naspcenter. org/principals/Culturally%20Competent%20Assessment%20and%20Consultation%20NASSP. pdf. Improving accountability for limited English proficient and special education students under the No Child Left Behind Act. (2003). Washington Area School Study Council. National Association of School Psychology. (2007). The Truth in Labeling: Disproportionality Special Education. Retrieved from www. nea. org/books on October 15, 2011. National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (2001a). Issues in learning disabilities: Assessment and diagnosis. In Collective perspectives on issues affecting learning disabilities (2nd ed. , pp. 55–61). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. (Original work published 1987) National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (2005). Responsiveness to intervention and learning disabilities. Available from www. ldonline. org/njcld. National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (2007). The documentation disconnect for students with learning disabilities: Improving access to postsecondary disability services. Available from www. ldonline. org/njcld National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems. (Fall 2005). Cultural considerations and challenges in response-to-intervention models. An NCCRESt position statement. Retrieved October 2011 From http://www. nccrest. org/PDFs/rti. pdf? v_document_name=Culturally%20Responsive%20RTI. No educator left behind: Testing special education students. (2003). Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http://www. education-world. com/a_issues/NELB/NELB025. shtml Olson, L. (2004). Data show schools making progress on federal goals. Education Week, 24, 24-28. Retrieved from http://www. edweek. org Tomes, H. Ph. D. (2004). In public interest: Are we really leaving no child behind? American Psychologist, 35, 31-35. Retrieved from www. apa. org on October 15, 2011 U. S. Department of Education. (2004). Twenty-fourth annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Washington, DC: Author.

Beer Brewery Company In Canada Marketing Essay

Beer Brewery Company In Canada Marketing Essay Molson is a successful beer brewery company in Canada. It was found in 1786, which made it the second oldest Company in Canada so far. Molson Company is recognized as the most preferred beer brand in Canada and it also possess the fourth largest market share in global beer industry. Molson Company faces a challenge in 2007 due to its unsuccessful marketing strategy. The campaign intended to engage with the target market of age 19 -24 through social media. This campaign held a contest, Cold Shot, which encouraged students to compete with other college students by posting as many pictures as possible. This contest ended up creating unexpected negative publicity against the Molson Campaign. Many students and administrators complained about the harm of reputation brought by this contest. As a result, Molson Campaign had to pull the promotion under the public opinion. There are three alternatives that allow Molson Company to engage with the target market. The first alternative is Microblogging, which encourages students to update their status through social network while they are drinking. Molsons drinkers could also follow up the latest Molsons events on site. The second alternative is to build a Molson Educational Center to promote legal drinking message for students and young adults. Young adults are invited to visit the educational center to explore more about Molsons history and experience different fun activities in the center. The last alternative and also the recommendation for Molson campaign is to create Molson Apps that educates students to avoid overconsumption of alcohol through playing the information games. Students could win different valuable awards by playing it. As more games are played by students, the more awards they can get. This does not only enhances Molsons relationship with target audience but also successfully promotes the correct drinking behavior they should have toward their future drinking. Identification of the Problem Molson Company, currently, is facing a challenge in reestablishing its brand as a brand that promotes and encourages responsible alcohol consumption. Molsons problem is to determine if it should continue to use the social media sites for future promotions in marketing its brand. Due to the previous failure in social media marketing, Molson Company has caused various universities colleges to worry about the academic achievements of students. The irresponsiveness of the Molson Company supporting outrageous alcohol consumptions towards students has discouraged them on their studies. In addition, as the Molsons campaign Cold Shot of posting party pictures of students in campus to gain the title of number one party school in Canada encourages foolish behaviors and underage drinking. As a result, universities and colleges are concern about how Molsons activities have neglected the institutions reputations/ images and its student bodies. Situation Analysis Internal Factors: Strengths: Molson is consider as the most preferred brand with a huge percentage of the market share in Canada of 41%, as well as, in the world market around the globe with 3.8%. Due to the development of social media marketing, Molson has started begin involved in social media platform such as Facebook with by approximately 19,000 followers who are interested in Molson. Besides Facebook, the company also manages a variety of social media like Twitter, Flickr, and Youtube. While selling its products to the public, the company has tried their best to be responsible for its commitment for alcohol responsibility as well. Weaknesses: For now, the company is on a huge blame due to an improper promotion activity, Cold Shot. By targeting college and university students, the marketing strategy was issued due to its direction of morality and ethics in encouraging irresponsible drinking and behaviors. Its unsuccessful campaign had harmed the brand image and received negative perception by adults including professors, administrators, as well as, those who have a negative feeling for the company and beer. External environments Political Environment All the provinces in Canada have their different laws and rules for alcohol regulation as well as advertisement of alcohol. It should be specified that advertising must not be related to the consumption of alcohol and should not imply alcoholic consumptions can enhances social acceptance, personal success, and enjoyment of any activity or will resolve the personal problem (Canadian Center of Substance Abuse). If the company wants to maximize the effect of its advertising, it has to be more sensitive not to make ethic and moral issues like it did previously with the Cold Shots campaign with colleges and universities. Social Environment Currently, the social responsibility has been stressed for beer companies so that all the beer companies are presenting its social responsibilities to avoid the blames form the public and society. Molson is providing the responsibility section when its visitors come to approach its official website. Among what the company puts on the section as all kinds of responsibilities, they also offer Governance and Ethics and Alcohol Responsibility on What Matter to Us sections (Molson Coors). Especially on Alcohol Responsibility, they have Global Alcohol Policy and Our Views for better understanding for consumers. Besides, the website provides the company policies, case studies as well as the full details retrieved from the Global Actions on Harmful Drinking website (Molson Coors official website). Competitive Environment Molson is an influential competitor among powerful competitors in the beer market, the moral and ethic issues of the company can be critical. Actually the current flow of the beer market in terms of volume consume, A- B InBev maintained top volume share with 18.3% in 2011. Among the top competitors there are: SAB Miller with 9.8% Heineken with 8.7% Carlsberg with 5.6% China Resource Enterprise with 5.4% Tsingtao Brewery with 3.6% Grupo Modelo with 2.9% Beijing Yanjing Brewery with 2.9% Molson Coors with 2.9% Molson maintained its percentages since 2010; however, it lost its 8th position to Beijing Yanjing, and now Kirin Holdings is a threat to Molson in terms of volume share. (Passport GMID) SWOT Matrix Strength Canadas most preferred brand with 41% market share Rank 4 in the world holding 3.8% market share worldwide Had 19,000 members on its Facebook profile Engaged with social medias like Twitter, Facebookà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and more. Molsons acknowledges as a firm commitment to alcohol responsibility (Molson, 2009) Opportunities Average users of Facebook are fairly young, usually between the ages of 18-21, who are interactive with friends in open and trusted setting social networking sites Social network users likes to interact with their favorite brands profile Social network sites allow fast and effortless spread of message that includes viral marketing campaign. (Word of Mouth) Weakness The failure of the Cold Shots Facebook promotion gave Molson Company a bad reputation since it encourages irresponsible behavior and underage drinking. Threats Limited control on social media sites since it is open for public to posts and comments about a firm or its product Social media sites allow mashups which lead to issues of control and ownership on contents. Organization Objectives To reestablish its brand as a company that cares about social responsibilities rather than a company who only tries to sell alcohol for money. To promote and encourage responsible alcohol with the use of social media.   Analysis of Alternative Before going on to the alternatives, Molson will run year round campaign call a volunteer days. The volunteer day hosted by Molson Company is on monthly basis. The campaign is to encourage those who are brand loyal to participate in local community and help out local rehab centers. Molson believe that engaging brand loyal consumers to local alcoholic rehab center allows them to understand the flaws of irresponsible drinking can cause. Whoever participates might have a chance to win free sport event tickets in a random. The reason we want to launch this campaign with the alternatives is to continue the firms goal of being socially responsible to its community and re-established its brand reputation. Alternative #1: Microblogging about drinking at events The first alternative is Microblogging about drinking Molson Canadian at events. The microblog is a year round blogging site. Applicants must register and create an account before they can blog on it. Site filtrations with questions will be add-on through the registration process to eliminate unlawful age drinkers to view the site. Molson Canadian will be posting dates of various sponsor events on this site to allow audience to visit the events. The microblogging encourage him or her to blog about the current events that is happening and the location theyre at and what they are drinking. Through this site the participant can also access and update their status on Facebook or Twitter through this site. This allows the friends of the Molson drinkers to follow up with Molson Company. On top of posting statuses, Molson Canadian also encourage Molson drinkers to post cool stories of their fun night out. Monthly draws of the best pick funny stories is able to win cash prize, Molsons wearable product, and sport tickets. Alternative #2: Building a Molson Educational Center. Another alternative is to build a Molson Educational Center. The center is similar to a museum. It will include: A small replica of the brewing plant to show the brewing process of the prefer beer in Canada Beer tasting only for 19+ A history lesson of Molson Company Theater to play short movies/videos of responsible and irresponsible drinking scenarios A talk show to educated audiences in responsible drinkers from personnel in local alcoholic rehab centers. Fun activities of experiencing ride check, breathalyser, foggy goggles with affiliated personnel from the local police station Workshop to create customized beer bottle to bring home. Gift store to purchase Molsons items, mugs, hats, t-shirts, and more. To promote and encourage legal drinking message, the education center is only available to 19+ of aged universities and colleges students/drinkers and adult tourists. Illegal entries of 18 and under are not permitted. Securities will be standing at the front door to check IDs before entries. Even though this is a great idea but the cost of this will be too large for the company to handle. Alternative #3: Molson Application The third alternative, Molson Canadian decided to create a mobile application that is designed to store social media platforms, games applications, with features of educational alcohol consumption facts. The mobile application is able to update automatically to gives consumers the latest information in online communities, events, games, and educational facts. The application is personalized, where participants can create their own avatar, set up their choice of background, and more. Molson want to give participants a sense of ownership within carefully defined parameters to customize the App. The application is divided in three sections Games: The main objectives for all Molson games are (1) to not over doze in alcohol and (2) to maintain good behaviour. Coins can be collected throughout the games and after winning the game. Collecting coins can trade real items like Molsons mugs, hats, t-shirts, customized beer bottle of users choice, movie tickets, or even Ipad. If player loses, the game will end with an alcohol consumption fact to educate players Videos: Molson will display educational videos like fun facts of alcohol consumptions, possible causes of irresponsible drinking, Molson events, drinkers talk from rehab centers to educated consumers. Social media platform The Molson application will also be interlinking with the social media platform like Facebook and Twitter to generate interaction between the brand and the target audience. Through the application, Molson wants to drive in more traffic to the fan pages and ensures that there is a continuous interaction in current events, campaigns and discussions. But for sure, applications and fan pages will be evaluated on the basis of what kind of community is being created or whether the community would fit within company and societys expectations. Recommendation Molson Company should continue to benefit from the numerous opportunities to market their products, no matter if its using social media platforms, or more. After much consideration, alternative #3 is believed to be the best one. Picking this option allows Molson Company to closes the gap between fun and education in a way it benefits both. The application is one of the most complete mobile sources for consumers. With the understanding of young people are closely attached with their mobile nowadays, Molson wants to create an application that allows audiences to access it all time. With just a touch of a button, people are able to connect to games, social media sites and informational facts of alcohol consumption. Through this application, Molson Company wants to attach various messages to the target audiences and promote and encourage target audiences to generate a responsible drinking habit with educational facts. In addition, the alternative can also create awareness for Molson prim arily through social media platforms, with the application and some traditional media directing consumers to Molsons Facebook site to generate more traffic. Maybe future promotional campaign can become viral through the fast and effortless spread of messages. Unlike before, every activity and promotion that is engaged by Molson will be carefully evaluated on the basis of what kind of community is being created. Promotions or contents that even hint at improper or excessive of behavior or use of products, Molson will eliminated it. Molson Coors Brewing Company. (2009, October 24). Corporate responsibility overview Retrieved October 24, 2009 from http://www.molsoncoors.com/responsibility/great-brands-the-right-way